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Michele Fiorillo – Lectures in Bratislava
The Democratic Daimon
(Lecture for students – Department of Comparative Religion, Comenius University – 24.2.2026)
European deliberative democracy
(Lecture for students– Department of Political Science, Comenius University – 26.2.2026)
The current crisis of European democracy has exposed structural tensions between representative institutions and citizens’ expectations of meaningful political participation, particularly within the multi-level and supranational governance architecture of the European Union. Declining public trust, the rise of national populism, and the spread of political disinformation have intensified concerns about democratic legitimacy and responsiveness, prompting renewed interest in alternative and complementary democratic models. This lecture examines deliberative democracy as both a normative framework and an emerging institutional practice capable of addressing these challenges by re-centring political decision-making on inclusive, reasoned, and informed public dialogue. Deliberative democracy is understood not as a substitute for representative government, but as a participatory pillar designed to enhance its legitimacy by enabling citizens to engage collectively in the formation of political judgement. Particular attention is devoted to the Conference on the Future of Europe, which marked a significant innovation in EU democratic practice through the introduction of European Citizens’ Panels. These transnational deliberative bodies, composed of randomly selected citizens from all Member States and diverse social backgrounds, were tasked with formulating policy recommendations in dialogue with experts and institutional actors. The lecture analyses the design, functioning, and outcomes of these panels as a concrete expression of European deliberative democracy at the supranational level, situating them within a broader ecosystem of deliberative practices developed at national, regional, and local levels across Europe. While such mechanisms have demonstrated potential in fostering civic learning, cross-national solidarity, and epistemic quality in policymaking, they also raise important trade-offs concerning political uptake, institutional integration, and democratic accountability. Building on these experiences, the lecture explores the normative and political implications of moving towards a permanent European Citizens’ Assembly as a fully fledged participatory institution of the Union, capable of complementing representative democracy and contributing to future processes of institutional and constitutional reform within the European project. The lesson will conclude with a workshop with students in the form of a model European Citizens’ Assembly on the topic: ‘How to strengthen European democracy?’